Do Workplace Gender Transitions Make Gender Trouble?

This article examines what happens when an employee makes the transition from one recognized gender category to another and remains in the same job. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with transmen and transwomen in Texas and California, we illustrate how a new social gender identity is interactionally achieved in these open workplace transitions. While transgender people often are represented as purposefully adopting hyper‐feminine or masculine gender identities post‐transition, we find that our respondents strive to craft alternative femininities and masculinities. However, regardless of their personal gender ideologies, their men and women co‐workers often enlist their transitioning colleague into gender rituals designed to repatriate them into a rigid gender binary. This enlistment limits the political possibilities of making gender trouble in the workplace, as transgender people have little leeway for resistance if they wish to maintain job security and friendly workplace relationships.     

中国西部民族地区市场化进程与经济增长

西部民族地区经济的落后很大程度上导因于西部民族地区国有经济比重过大、要素市场化程度低等制度因素.市场化进程缓慢对国民经济的影响非常可观,如果不能矫正这些扭曲,其损失就是国民经济福利的净损失.要使政府对西部民族地区资金和人才等要素的大规模投入取得预期的增长效应,就必须加快市场化进程.     

反语的认知失衡性探谮

本文首先简要回顾了反语研究的现状,指出以往的理论存在一个共同的问题——不能构成反语形成机制的充分必要条件,容易导致反语的概念无限扩大化。因此本文从认知语用的角度,侧重探讨反语的诱发条件、区分机制及本质特征,进而得出结论:反语的识别与理解应是一个复杂的认知-语用推理过程。其生成涉及三个变量:再次提及期望Cs^;隐性的展示言者的期望?;交际双方共识的反语语境。认知心理失衡是反语的诱发因素,而言语内部的失衡则是反语的本质特征。本文最后以言语失衡性特征作为基点,以关联原则为导向,尝试建立一个反语的交际模式,试图以求最佳、最简地解释反语。     

性别、性别观念对性别角色的影响

性别角色的形成是由生理因素决定还是由社会文化因素决定的，成为性别角色研究中一直争议的焦点问题，但国内对此缺乏定量的实证研究。以北京市5所大学的552名大学生为调查对象，采用Bem性别角色量表和自编的性别观念量表进行问卷调查，结果发现，性别角色受生理性别和性别观念类型共同影响，支持了生物社会的理论模型。     

大学与先进性别文化的建构

大学在推进两性平等的努力中，扮演着重要角色。构建先进性别文化应成为当今大学改革发展的题中之义。确切地说，是将先进性别文化的建设纳入到大学文化的建设中去，成为学校全体成员共同遵循的价值观念和行为方式。这不仅可以提升大学的办学品质，而且可促进学校以人为本办学理念的贯彻实施。     

Children's and Adolescents' Developing Perceptions of Gender Inequality

Two studies examined children's and adolescents' developing perceptions of gender inequality. The first study examined perceptions of inequality among 272 early, middle, and late adolescents, focusing on the spheres of politics, business, and the home. Results indicated an age‐related increase in perceptions of male dominance. Men were seen to have more power and status in politics than in business whereas relative equality was seen to exist in the home. The second study included 96 child and adolescent participants aged 7–15 and once again found an increase in general perceptions of male dominance with age. Results suggest that young children are less explicitly aware of gender inequality than might be assumed given their extensive knowledge of power‐loaded gender‐role stereotypes.     

和谐社会建设与地方政府转型

和谐社会实际上是一个发展成果如何共享、成本如何均衡分担的问题。而造成我国经济快速发展同时又带来社会利益失衡的重要因素是地方政府及其行为方式。和谐社会建设必须要求地方政府的转型与改革,改革的思路向上可以适度加强中央的垂直管理,向下要扩大民众的参与、推动基层的民主化进程。     

Does Gender Still Matter? A Study of the Views of Women in the ICT Industry in New Zealand

Using data from in‐depth interviews with female information and communication technology (ICT) professionals from New Zealand's four main cities, this article uses a social constructivist framework to investigate the women's perceptions of their ICT work place. The results show that there are regional differences in organization type, job category and salaries, as well as in the perceptions of the women towards their environment. Most women did not actively seek to be employed in ICT — rather their entry was serendipitous. While they enjoyed working in the environment, there was an obvious gendering of the workforce with most technical positions being held by men and women working mainly in the softer side of ICT. The women perceived their gendered roles to be a highly important and an integral part of ICT and believed their salaries were equitable with their male colleagues. Having a greater understanding of how women view their ICT work place will contribute to attracting and retaining them in an industry where a shortage of skills is envisaged in the near future.     

中国城市居民环境关心及环境友好行为的性别差异

通过分析2003年中国综合社会调查GSS①(城市部分)所得有关环境方面的资料,对中国城市居民的环境关心和环境友好行为的社会性别差异进行了检验。结果发现:中国城市居民的环境关心水平普遍偏低,其中抽象环境关心水平男性高于女性,但实际的环境友好行为比例男性却低于女性;在私人领域内的环境友好行为比例女性高于男性;相较私人环境友好行为而言,男女的公共环境友好行为比例都很低。     

伊莎贝拉的困境——《一报还一报》中的性别对立

从女性主义角度出发,分析了莎剧《一报还一报》中女主角伊莎贝拉所处的困境,指出剧中存在着显性与隐性两个层面的性别对立,女性在其中都处于弱势地位。伊莎贝拉在与安哲罗的斗争中表现出的智慧勇敢在公爵面前便黯然失色,这现实地反映了男权社会中的妇女地位。